INDEX
(Not linked)
SCROLL DOWN FOR RHYMING STUDY AIDS
Excretory/Urinary System
Kidney
Kidney/Renal Nephrons
Lymphatic System
Plasma return via Lymphatics
Reproductive System
Spermatogenesis
Meiosis
Mitosis 1
Mitosis 2
Ovary
Uterus
Menstrual Cycle
Menstruation More
Menstrual Tweet
Kidney
Kidney/Renal Nephrons
Lymphatic System
Plasma return via Lymphatics
Reproductive System
Spermatogenesis
Meiosis
Mitosis 1
Mitosis 2
Ovary
Uterus
Menstrual Cycle
Menstruation More
Menstrual Tweet
Skeletal System
Sinuses
Sinuses
Skeletal Dimorphism
Skeleton. Shoulder and Arm
Skeleton. Wrist Bones
Skeleton. Shoulder and Arm
Skeleton. Wrist Bones
Skeleton Wrist and Hand Bones
Skeleton Phalanges
Skeleton, Leg Bones
Skeleton Foot Bones
Skeleton. Pelvis
Skeleton. Facial Bones
Skeleton. Neurocranium
Skeleton. Vertebral Column
Skeleton. Typical Vertebra
Attributions at the end of the page
Skeleton Foot Bones
Skeleton. Pelvis
Skeleton. Facial Bones
Skeleton. Neurocranium
Skeleton. Vertebral Column
Skeleton. Typical Vertebra
Attributions at the end of the page
Excretory/Urinary System
Kidneys function as a blood cleaning
mechanism
Removing toxic products of metabolism.
The liver detoxifies ammonia
That kidneys eliminate as urea.
Kidney
Public domain
Kidney, with nephrons replete,
Sometimes a million or more,
Makes the urine we excrete
Blood volume it can restore.
Each nephron dialysis unit
Helps maintain blood homeostasis,
Removes toxic substances in it,
And regulates acids and bases.
Renal function endocrine
Pressure regulators known.
Renin and angiotensin,
ADH and aldosterone.
By Alan Beech
Kidney/Renal Nephrons
Glomeruli in Bowman’s capsules,
Prox and dist convoluted tubules.
Loops of Henle descend and ascend,
Closely around the capillaries wend.In each nephron factory
A lone blood capillary
Coils to a complex ball porous
That we call a glomerulus.
Small solutes are removed exceptin’
Cells and minus charged albumin.
Then to proximal convoluted tubule
For secretion and reabsorption vital.
Both tubules engage in reabsorption
Also selective solute secretion.
Urine loop of Henle concentration
Countercurrent with multiplication.
By Alan Beech
Lymphatic System
Whenever pathogens attack
Our immune responses fight back.
Innate then adaptive layers fight,
Amass the body’s defensive might.
In neonate, the thymus gross is
From puberty, it shrinks by ptosis.
Lymphocyte T cell training factory
Mature T forms its own antibody.
Adaptive Ts in blood are found
Or to lymph node tissues are bound.
With lymphocyte B and NK deploy
And foreign cells by antigen destroy.
The spleen can be seen
As part of this scene,
And one of many pieces
Of hematopoiesis.
By Alan Beech
By BruceBlaus
Plasma Return via Lymphatics
After getting its peripheral squeeze
Most plasma returns to capillaries.
Excess plasma and any debris
Goes to a lymph capillary.
Three liters of plasma a day
Return to the bloodstream this way,
Via ducts thoracic and right axillary
After lymph nodes filter cellular debris.
By Alan Beech
Reproductive System
Male to female reproduction means
Maximizing fitness of our genes.
The result of unbridled copulation
The human Hell of overpopulation.
Spermatogenesis
In the convoluted seminiferous tubules, undifferentiated spermatogonia (diploid) germ cells divide into two primary spermatocytes (diploid). Each primary spermatocyte divides into two secondary spermatocytes (haploid). Each secondary spermatocyte divides into two spermatids (haploid).
Seminiferous tubules in testicles
Lined with spermatogonia particles.
Some of these cells by mitosis divide
Two primary spermatocytes provide.
These immature sperm cells develop slowly
Supported and nourished by cells of Sartoli.
At prophase meiosis genes change places
So boys don’t all have their fathers’ faces.
The first meiotic cycle swings into action
Growing the secondary spermatocyte fraction.
Diploids produce haploids in that first meiosis round
Just twenty three chromosomes in secondary found.
From second round of meiosis spermatids hale
In the tubule lumen they grow a head and tail.
Spermatazoa to epididymis migrate
Awaiting the joy of a rapid ejaculate.
By Alan Beech
By Marek Kultys
Meiosis
At the start of meiosis each chromosome splits
To an X of sister chromatids, not two bits.
(Chromatid sisters also called pairs, adhere
Near the kinetochore at a centromere).
46 chromosomes at interphase
Duplicate when they split their ends lengthways.
Homologous pairs associate with their twins
Then the chromosome crossover gene fest begins.
At prophase centrosomes toward the poles migrate
Chromosomes in homologous pairs congregate.
Metaphase pairs of pairs line at the midline
Each pair is attached to its own spindle line.
Chromatid pairs approach each pole in anaphase
Cycle I ends with haploid cells in telophase.
The second time round in meiosis
Though haploid, it’s like a mitosis.
At anaphase II the sister chromatids separate
And two sexy young haploid cells they populate.
From interphase I to telophase II
One diploid cell into 4 haploids new.
By Alan Beech
Mitosis
PROPHASE METAPHASE
ANAPHASE TELOPHASE Public Domain
Mitosis is cell division in normal tissue growth, repair, maintenance and cancer.
In prophase chromosomes, spindles and centrosomes are visible. In prometaphase
the nuclear envelope disintegrates At metaphase centrosomes go to opposite sides
and chromosomes align on the midline. At anaphase chromosomes divide and move
along spindles to the centrosomes. In telophase new nuclear envelopes form and
chromosomes disappear.
Mitosis (I)
Mitosis is a process
By which a cell divides
A sequence of four phases
By which the cell abides.
By which a cell divides
A sequence of four phases
By which the cell abides.
Prophase is the first phase
When chromosomes appear
In metaphase they line up
At middle of the sphere.
When chromosomes appear
In metaphase they line up
At middle of the sphere.
Chromosomes are split up
As anaphase goes by.
And telophase then seals ‘em
In brand-new nuclei.
As anaphase goes by.
And telophase then seals ‘em
In brand-new nuclei.
By Greg Crowther
Mitosis (II)
During mitosis cells divide
During mitosis cells divide
And twins identical provide.
Though it's a single event
We examine each fragment.
Chromosomes normally dwell
As chromatin in a cell,
But they no longer hide
When it starts to divide.
(Let’s call the chromosomes C,
It’s an easier rhyme for me).
In prophase Cs first congregate
Metaphase to midline Cs migrate.
To new ends Cs in anaphase go
In telophase don’t see Cs no mo’.
(When the nuclear membrane decays
Some call it prometaphase).
By Alan Beech
From menarche until menopause
Ovaries are active because
Sex hormones decree more or less monthly
To release an egg from an ovary.
Uterus
By OpenStax College
Home from zygote to fetus
Organ womb or uterus
Smooth muscle myometrium
Inner wall is endometrium.
Three layers of endometrium
Two stroma, one epithelium.
Funct and epi layers monthly are nixed
But the basal layer, to tissue is fixed.
By Alan Beech
Menstrual Cycle
Earliest nursery room
Is a uterus or womb
From a zygote to birth
It's our first home on Earth.
Day one to five reserved for menstruation
Is a uterus or womb
From a zygote to birth
It's our first home on Earth.
Day one to five reserved for menstruation
Day five to fourteen phase proliferation.
Then the corpus luteum phase kicks in
At ischemic cell death it begins ag’in.
By Alan Beech
Menstruation More
Egg follicle
Egg receptacle
Estrogen, though
Makes it grow.
More or less monthly
An egg will be
By an ovary shed
Ready to wed.
By Alan Beech
Mense Tweet
Met sperm at tube station
Formed zygote relation,
Nidated in uterus,
Comfy home for us.
By Alan Beech
Both by LadyofHats Mariana Ruiz Villarreal
Skeleton. Shoulder and Arm
The scaphoid A and the lunate B
G capitate and H hamate
The carpal near the thumb
Skeleton Phalanges
In number one thumb and big toe
In fingers and small toes
Skeleton. Leg Bones
Skeleton Foot Bones
By BodyParts3D
The ankle bone is the talus
In mid-foot there are five small bones irregular
Five metatarsals in a row
By Polygon
Big bone body, anterior
Skeletal System
Our skeleton defines
our basic shape
The solid frame on
which our muscles drape.
Skull, backbone and
ribs axial are
Limbs and girdles
appendicular.
By Alan Beech
Sinuses
By CFCF
Sinuses, we have four pair.
Maxillary, the largest there.
In the maxillary bones they lie
By the nose, beneath each eye.
The ethmoidal sinuses sit
Between each eye orbit.
Behind brow ridge quite central
Find the two sinuses frontal.
Twixt fronts of each temporal bone
Sits the sphenoid or batwing bone.
It’s center forms the Turkish chair
The sphenoid sinuses are there.
By Alan Beech
Skeletal Dimorphism
For Maiya Beech
WOMAN
Public domain
For Maiya Beech
MAN
Public domain
In diverse species you can name
Females and males don’t look the same.
Sex dimorphism seen in tissues soft.
Is subtle when soft tissues are lost.
Skeletal norms change with ethnicity
And many exceptions we also see.
In males the long bones are mostly bigger
Subtle skull changes, appearance trigger.
The shape most dimorphic
Is the cavity pelvic,
The larger female girth
Facilitates a birth.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton. Shoulder and Arm
By LadyofHats
Like a yoke on shoulders laid
Collar bone & shoulder blade.
From sternum to scapulae
Collar bones (clavicles) lay.
The distal ends of clavicles join on
To scapulae at each acromion.
The glenoid fossae are at the point
Of the scapula humerus joint.
Humerus, funny bone
Upper arm, on its own.
Radius bone thicker becomes
Where it meets wrist bones near the thumbs.
Where it meets wrist bones near the thumbs.
Though the ulna is shorter
At the elbow it’s thicker.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton. Wrist Bones
By Carpus.png
Proximal to bones of the carpal eight
Radius and ulna articulate.
The scaphoid A and the lunate B
Triquertrum C and pisiform D
Distal bones E to H are next ref
Trapezium E, Trapezoid F
G capitate and H hamate
All help phalanges digitate.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton Wrist and Hand Bones
By Mariana Ruiz Villarreal
The carpal near the thumb
Is the trapezium.
Five metacarpals radiate
And at phalanges digitate.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton Phalanges
Phalanges total fourteen
In each hand or foot are seen.
In number one thumb and big toe
Proximal and distal bones go.
In fingers and small toes
Phalanx bone times three goes.
Intermediate phalanges linger
In each small toe and in every finger.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton. Leg Bones
By Jecowa
Femur bone from the pelvis to knee
Longest and strongest in the body.
From knee to ankle the tibia strong
Carries our bodily weight along.
The skinny fibula bone by its side
Helps ankle to maintain a stable ride.
The knee joint protecting umbrella
Is called the kneecap or patella.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton Foot Bones
By BruceBlaus
By BodyParts3D
The ankle bone is the talus
Then big heel bone calcaneus.
In mid-foot there are five small bones irregular
Three cuneiform, one cuboid and navicular.
Five metatarsals in a row
Between these and phalanges go.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton. Pelvis
By BruceBlaus
In matched pairs the fused pelvic side bones come
Hip wing ilium and tush ischium.
The fused vertebrae of the sacrum
Articulate with each ilium.
Pubis bones joined at the symphysis see
Men have a smaller pelvic cavity.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton. Facial Bones
Public domain
Bones of the skull are confusing
Twenty one together fusing
Only one is moveable
That one is the mandible.
Two maxilla bones fuse and beneath
Are located the top row of teeth.
Two bones are lacrimal
Two others are nasal.
Hard palate bones seen
Are two palatine.
Two nasal conchae
Turbinates, some say.
Two bones zygomatic
Make cheeks look dramatic
Plus vomer alone become
The viscerocranium.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton. Neurocranium
By Edoarado
Two bones are temporal
Two are parietal.
One is sphenoid
One is ethmoid.
One is the frontal
One occipital.
The eight bones fused become
The neurocranium.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton. Vertebral Column
By Uwe Gille
Seven vertebrae cervical
Ensure that your head will not fall.
(Uterus neck is cervix, check
Cervix and cervical mean neck.)
All the twelve thoracic vertebra
With two ribs articulating are.
Twixt rib cage and pelvis see
Just five lumbar vertebrae.
The five sacral vertebrae choose
At teenage together to fuse.
Three to five bones coccyx
(The word rhymes with toxics.)
Fused into a tail they be
Rudimentary vertebrae.
By Alan Beech
Skeleton. Typical Vertebra
By BodyParts3D
Big bone body, anterior
Vertebral arch, posterior.
In the foramen the spinal cord sits
Pedicles between the front and back bits.
A typical arch has a spine and two wings
(One is spinous, two are transverse process things.)
At up and down* processes it articulates
Joining vertebral arch to its up and down mates.
Two ribs each thoracic vertebra gets
Rib heads articulate at their facets.
*Two superior and two inferior articular processes
By Alan Beech
Attributions
All rhymes composed by Alan Beech
IMAGE ATTRIBUTIONS
EXCRETORY/URINARY SYSTEM
All rhymes composed by Alan Beech
IMAGE ATTRIBUTIONS
EXCRETORY/URINARY SYSTEM
Kidney (Public Domain)
Kidney Nephron
By Artwork by Holly Fischer [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Lymphatic System
By BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as: Blausen.com staff.
"Blausen gallery 2014". Wikiversity Journal of Medicine. DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 20018762.
(Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Uterus
By OpenStax College [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Menstrual Cycle
By OpenStax College [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Spermatogenesis
By OpenStax College [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Meiosis
By Marek Kultys (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Mitosis (Public Domain)
“Prophase” By Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (Gray's Anatomy plate;
cropped from File:Gray2.png), via Wikimedia Commons
“Metaphase” Henry Vandyke Carter, via Wikimedia Commons
“Anaphase” By The original uploader was D. Wu at English Wikipedia (Transferred from
en.wikipedia to Commons.), via Wikimedia Commons
“Telophase” By D. Wu at en.wikipedia (Transferred from en.wikipedia), via Wikimedia Commons
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Axial Skeleton (Public Domain)
“By LadyofHats; translated by Matasg (from LadyofHats' Axial_skeleton_diagram.svg),
via Wikimedia Commons
Appendicular Skeleton (Public Domain)
“By LadyofHats Mariana Ruiz Villarreal (i did it myself), via Wikimedia Commons
Paranasal Sinuses (Profile & Frontal Images)
via Wikimedia Commons
Skeletal Dimorphism (Public Domain)
Pelvis, Male and female
Male "Gray241" by Henry Vandyke Carter - Henry Gray (1918) Anatomy of the Human Body.- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray241.png#/media/File:Gray241.png
Female "Gray242" by Henry Vandyke Carter - Henry Gray (1918) Anatomy of the Human Body. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray242.png#/media/File:Gray242.png
Both via Wikipedia Commons
Skeleton, Arms and Shoulders (NEW)
By LadyofHats Mariana Ruiz Villarreal [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Skeleton, Wrist Bones
By Carpus.png: Arcadian vectorized version Carpus.svg: Mintz l (talk) Cropped version: Was a bee (talk) 10:35, 7 December 2013 (UTC) (Carpus.png, Carpus.svg) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons
Skeleton, Wrist and Hand (public Domain)
By Mariana Ruiz Villarreal (LadyofHats); retouches by Nyks, via Wikimedia Commons
Skeleton, Leg Bones (Public Domain)
By Jecowa at en.wikipedia, from Wikimedia Commons
Skeleton, Foot Bones
By BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as: Blausen.com staff. "Blausen gallery 2014". Wikiversity Journal of Medicine. DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 20018762. (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Skeleton, Pelvis
By BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as: Blausen.com staff. "Blausen gallery 2014". Wikiversity Journal of Medicine. DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 20018762. (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Skeleton, Facial Bones (Public Domain)
By Own work (File:Es-Human skull front simplified (bones).svg), via Wikimedia Commons
Skeleton, Neurocranial Bones
By Original svg image is by Edoarado, re-allocated text by Was a bee. (Own work based on: File:Cranial bones en.svg.) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
Skeleton, Vertebral Column (Public Domain)
By user Uwe Gille or Henry Vandyke Carter via Wikimedia Commons
Skeleton, Typical Vertebra
By BodyParts3D/Anatomography [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
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