INDEX
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Energy,
Conservation of
Energy,
Potential and Kinetic
Mass and
Weight
Pascal and
Newton Units
A Torque
Moment
Archimedes
Screw
Archimedes
Principle
Specific
Gravity
Hooke’s Law
Force!
Simple
Machines
Newton's
First Law
Newton's
Second Law
Newton's
Third Law
Atwood's
Machine
Kepler’s
First Law
Kepler's
Second Law
Kepler's
Third Law
Gravitation
Inverse
Square Law
Solar System
Big Bang
Temperature
Scales
Boyle's Law
Charles's Law
Ideal Gas Law
Barometric
Pressure
SI
Units
Noble
Gases
Air
Liquefaction Fractions
Le
Chatelier's Principle
Electromagnetic
Radiation
Electromagnetic
(EM) Spectrum
Ether Debunked
Seismic Waves
Light (and all EM ray) properties
Light Refraction
Anodes and
Cathodes
Anodic Oxidation
Battery
Polarity
Electric
Energy
Ohm's Law Ditty
Newton's
Kinematic Equations
Observer Effect
Surface Tension
Osmosis
Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
Radioactive Penetration
Radioactive Products
Attributions at the end of this page.
Energy, Conservation of
Energy is conserved in systems isolated.
Kinetic, potential and intrinsic conflated
Change its form but never destroy or create it.
By Alan Beech
Energy, Potential and Kinetic
By Alan
Energy is conserved, therefore
½ mv2 = mgh. This reduces to v =√(2gh).
A car standing still
At the top of a hill
Has potential energy
Height times mass times g.
If the friction is nil
When it rolls down the hill
It's potential energetic
Is converted to kinetic.
At the foot of the hill
It's PE is nil
But as energy is spared
It is now ½mv2.
By Alan Beech
Mass and Weight
Bathroom scales measure the product of mass and it’s gravitational
attraction to Earth. On the moon they would show your weight as 16%
of your weight on Earth. Scales with counterbalances measure mass,
so they would show the same result on Moon or Earth.
attraction to Earth. On the moon they would show your weight as 16%
of your weight on Earth. Scales with counterbalances measure mass,
so they would show the same result on Moon or Earth.
Mass is the same
Any place you name
In outer space
Or any place.
Any place you name
In outer space
Or any place.
Your weight
At this location
Is mass times the rate
You accelerate
By gravitation.
At this location
Is mass times the rate
You accelerate
By gravitation.
By Alan Beech
Pascal and Newton Units
These derived SI units may be hard to remember
Pascals for pressure SI
In newtons per meter apply.
One newton of force is equated
To a kilogram of mass located
In a system one meter
per sec squared accelerated.
By Alan Beech
A
Torque Moment
The
moment of a force or torque is the force multiplied by the
distance of its point of application from the fulcrum.
The book you
just opened,
The faucet you turned,
The hoop you set rolling,
The ice-cream you churned,
These four examples of moments, you learn,
Are torques we apply to make something turn.
A Torque Moment
The
moment of a force or torque is the force multiplied by the
distance of its point of application from the fulcrum.
distance of its point of application from the fulcrum.
The book you
just opened,
The faucet you turned,
The hoop you set rolling,
The ice-cream you churned,
These four examples of moments, you learn,
Are torques we apply to make something turn.
The faucet you turned,
The hoop you set rolling,
The ice-cream you churned,
These four examples of moments, you learn,
Are torques we apply to make something turn.
By Alan Beech
Archimedes Screw
By Ianmacm
by Silberwolf
Before Archimedes some farmers knew
By Alan Beech
Archimedes Principle
Said the King to Archimedes “Find for sure
If the gold in my crown is pure or impure”.
“My brain is too dense to work out its density
It’s just mass over volume, that I can see”.
“We know the density of gold, that's true
And the mass of the crown, but nothing new.
How can I find its volume, that’s the rub.”
Archi solved the problem bathing in a tub.
The brimful tub overflowed when he sat
How much water flowed, he could measure that.
He jumped up and “Eureka!” shouted
That he had found it, nobody doubted.
An object in a liquid displaces
Some of that liquid to other places.
The apparent loss of object weight
To weight of liquid lost we equate.
By Alan Beech
Specific Gravity (SG)
Hydrometer6455
D = M/V but SG = Dliq/Dwater .
As Dwater = 1g/cm3
the units cancel and it has no units.
Archimedes principle defines
Hydrometer readings show
Density as a ratio
To density of H2O.
Specific gravity is its name
All of the units now go By Alan Beech
the units cancel and it has no units.
Archimedes principle defines
A cargo ship’s load (by Plimsoll lines).
By knowing ship volume immersed we see
Its mass from displaced water density.
Hydrometer readings show
By how far immersed they go
Density as a ratio
To density of H2O.
Density as a ratio
To density of H2O.
Although the number remains the same
Specific gravity is its name
All of the units now go
Specific gravity is its name
All of the units now go
As it is a ratio.
Hooke’s Law
The force needed to compress or extend a spring by distance x is proportional
to x or (F = kx). In general the deformation of a body is proportional to the
force applied or stress is proportional to strain.
Elastic springs under stress
Hooke’s Law
to x or (F = kx). In general the deformation of a body is proportional to the
force applied or stress is proportional to strain.
Simple Machines
By Rfc1394
The ‘classical six’ from Renaissance times are the inclined
plane, wheel and axle, lever, pulley, wedge and screw.
Archimedes was long ago seen
Galileo later clarified
Falling balls,
Galileo found
Inclined planes
created
By Alan Beech
Simple Machines
plane, wheel and axle, lever, pulley, wedge and screw.
Falling balls,
Galileo found
Fell quickly to the
ground
So accurate timing
was tough
Without sophisticated
stuff.
Inclined planes
created
Balls decelerated.
So Gali could measure
Gravity at leisure.
Force!
May the
Acceleration of Mass
Be with you!
By Alan Beech
Force!
May the
Acceleration of Mass
Be with you!
By Alan Beech
Newton's First Law (of Motion)
Every body continues in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a
straight line unless it is acted upon by an externally impressed force.
Newton said things will
Always stay quite still
Or at constant velocity
If already moving free,
Unless an outside force
Modifies that course.
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass.
The greater the mass, the greater the force needed.
Mass multiplied by acceleration
With force has an equal relation.
Formed in equation say
f = m times a.
Force was defined by Newton
To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Each action has a sequel
That's opposite and equal.
straight line unless it is acted upon by an externally impressed force.
Always stay quite still
Or at constant velocity
If already moving free,
Unless an outside force
Modifies that course.
The greater the mass, the greater the force needed.
With force has an equal relation.
Formed in equation say
f = m times a.
That's opposite and equal.
Atwood's Machine
By ElTom
With it we can investigate
The easiest case to
study
When both masses
equate
If unequal mass is
applied
m1
side (toward the floor)
positive
So positive side m1g - F = m1a
And negative side F - m2g = m2a.
From these equations by adding
By Alan Beech
Atwood’s, like an
inclined plane
Slows the pull of
gravity again.
Over a pulley a
string is strung
And at each end a
mass is hung.
With it we can investigate
How time and gravity
relate,
In physics class this
is seen
And called Atwood’s
machine.
The easiest case to
study
Involves a
frictionless pulley
And uses massless
strings
(both impossible
things).
When both masses
equate
Neither accelerate
Action and reaction
agree;
Nothing moves (says
Newton 3).
If unequal mass is
applied
To the string on
either side,
Each side equally
accelerates
To Earth the
heavier gravitates.
m1
side (toward the floor)
positive
m2 side (toward ceiling) negative.
So positive side m1g - F = m1a
So positive side m1g - F = m1a
And negative side F - m2g = m2a.
From these equations by adding
Lose F, the tension of the string
Reducing to a times
(m1 + m2)
Equating to g times (m1
– m2).
Kepler's First Law
By Stw
The orbit of every planet is an ellipse With the Sun at one of the two foci.
Round the Sun each planet flips
Orbits making an ellipse
Ellipses have two foci, one
Is the Sun.
By Alan Beech
By Chatsam
A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals.
Approaching planets accelerate
Kepler’s third Law
By Stündle
The orbital period of a planet squared is proportional to the cube of the half major axis of its orbit.
The period ‘P’ of a planet
Kepler thought as ‘P’ squared
Round the Sun each planet flips
Orbits making an ellipse
Ellipses have two foci, one
Is the Sun.
Interdependency
Tycho Brahe spent years in isolation
Newton used Kepler’s calculation
Gravitation, Law of
Public domain
Acceleration of gravity
Call it letter F or little g
Not constant universally
That is the one we call big G.
Gravity forces everywhere
Their product times G is divided
By the square of distance provided.
Inverse Square Law
By Borb
The intensity of action (e.g. radiation) from a point decreases in proportion
Light has a propensity
To decrease in intensity
In proportion to the square
Of its distance to anywhere
Gravity falls off by inverse square,
also the volume of sound in air,
And a very important one,
Heat and energy from the Sun.
By Alan Beech
Call it letter F or little g
Not constant universally
That is the one we call big G.
Their product times G is divided
Inverse Square Law
By Borb
The intensity of action (e.g. radiation) from a point decreases in proportion
to the reciprocal of its distance from the source squared ( I α 1/d2).
Light has a propensity
To decrease in intensity
In proportion to the square
Of its distance to anywhere
Gravity falls off by inverse square,
also the volume of sound in air,
And a very important one,
Heat and energy from the Sun.
By Alan Beech
To decrease in intensity
In proportion to the square
Of its distance to anywhere
Gravity falls off by inverse square,
also the volume of sound in air,
And a very important one,
Heat and energy from the Sun.
By Alan Beech
Solar System
By WP
The sequence of planets in our Solar System from the Sun is Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
Eight little planets cool are we,
From the Sun we are number three.
Beautiful Venus next we see.
Nearest the Sun, tiny Mercury.
First on the right is Mars the red
Where the Roman war god bled.
Jupiter's next, huge blob of gas
Eight moons or more around it pass.
Nearly as big gassy Saturn see
A ball in a ring of ice debris.
Uranus and Neptune, so far away
Gassy & huge, little more to say.
From the Sun we are number three.
Beautiful Venus next we see.
Nearest the Sun, tiny Mercury.
Where the Roman war god bled.
Jupiter's next, huge blob of gas
Eight moons or more around it pass.
A ball in a ring of ice debris.
Uranus and Neptune, so far away
Gassy & huge, little more to say.
Big Bang
By Yinweichen
Scientific data supports the origin of the universe about 13.8 billion years ago.
Lucky thirteen and point eight
Billion years ago (a rough date)
A Big Bang occurred
But no sound was heard.
Universal creator.
(People turned up later).
Billion years ago (a rough date)
A Big Bang occurred
But no sound was heard.
Universal creator.
(People turned up later).
Temperature Scales
There are 9 degrees F for every 5 degrees C. The conversion
factor is 5/9 (Add or subtract the 32o F).
Fahrenheit’s body was not able
Water at thirty two starts to freeze
One hundred and eighty F degrees.
Celsius said water oughta' freeze
Kelvin (Celsius was his hero)
factor is 5/9 (Add or subtract the 32o F).
One hundred and eighty F degrees.
Gas Laws, Boyle’s Law
By NASA's Glenn Research Ctr.
Boyle studied gas in a closed entity
He found that at constant temperature T
Gas Laws, Boyle’s Law
By NASA's Glenn Research Ctr.
Boyle studied gas in a closed entity
He found that at constant temperature T
With volume V and pressure P
Values of PV constant be.
With volume V and pressure P
Values of PV constant be.
By Alan Beech
Gas Laws, Charles’s Law
By NASA's Glenn Research Ctr.
Charles studied gas at constant pressure
Gas Laws, Charles’s Law
Charles studied gas at constant pressure
How volume changed with temperature,
At each measured volume of gas he sees
Constant proportions to Kelvin degrees..
By Alan Beech
Gas Laws, Ideal Gas Law
Ideal gas molecules have no size and don't attract each other
PV = nRT
Gas Laws, Ideal Gas Law
Ideal gas molecules have no size and don't attract each other
but this law is almost correct and examiners love it
PV = nRT
For every ideal gas you see.
Use meters cubed for volume V
And pascals please for pressure P.
Amount of gas in moles we measure
Kelvin degrees for temperature.
In joules per kelvin mole rely
R is 8.314 SI.
By Alan Beech
SI Units, My Favorite Things
By Dono
The seven units of the International System of Units (SI) are length in meters,
time in seconds, electric current in amperes, temperature in degrees Kelvin,
luminous intensity in candelas and amounts of compounds in moles.
(Sung to the tune of "My Favorite Things").
Meters and seconds and current in amperes,
Light in candelas and Kelvin temperatures,
Masses in kilograms, compounds in moles,
These seven units are S.I. controls.
The seven units of the International System of Units (SI) are length in meters,
time in seconds, electric current in amperes, temperature in degrees Kelvin,
luminous intensity in candelas and amounts of compounds in moles.
(Sung to the tune of "My Favorite Things").
Light in candelas and Kelvin temperatures,
Masses in kilograms, compounds in moles,
These seven units are S.I. controls.
Barometric Pressures
How much does the air weigh
“Not very much”, you say,
The weight of air measures
Barometric pressures.
g gravity acceleration
And air mass have a relation.
mg per unit area measures
Barometric pressures.
By Alan Beech
Noble Gases%2B2%2C8.png)
By Pumbaa
The naturally occurring noble gases are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar),
krypton (Kr) [Pron. Krip-ton],xenon (Xe) [pron. zeenon] and radioactive
radon (Rn) [Pron. ray-don]. In the atoms of the noble gases, the outer "valence"
shell is filled full of electrons, so they seldom take part in chemical reactions.
For the same reason they are mon-atomic, i.e. each atom is a molecule.
With shells of electrons fully pack'd
Helium we waste in a toy balloon
Neon next to balloonacy
Argon next to neon share,
Krypton next in the noble plan
Xenon heaviest noble able
Radon, radioactive gas
Air Liquefaction Fractions
Although only a small percentage of air by volume, these
noble gases are available as air is liquefied on a large scale.
Out of liquid air
Le Chatelier’s Principle
Le Chatelier’s Principle has application
Electromagnetic Radiation
By Lookang
An EM radiation wave may
In synch and perpendicular
Or streaming photons of energy
An EM radiation wave may
Also be described as a ray.
In synch and perpendicular
Elec and magnetic waves are.
Or streaming photons of energy
Devoid of mass and too small to see.
By Alan Beech
Electromagnetic (EM) Wave (Ray) Spectrum
By Penubag
The spectrum is continuous but we use the term ‘rays’ for all except very long waves.
Waves most penetrating gamma,
X-ray waves see through skin substrate
Ultra violet rays, UV,
Shorter than violet waves we see.
Violet view then to indigo go,
Blue then green are next in the row.
Longer than visible waves, infra-red,
Very long EM waves we know
Shorter than violet waves we see.
Blue then green are next in the row.
Ether Debunked
Ancients said ether was special air
Clerk Maxwell contradicted
Both light and this stuff ether
Equipment that he designed
Einstein’s Special Relativity
Seismic Waves
By Brews ohare
Compression or
primary (P) waves from
P are longitudinal waves
like sound
Compression or
primary (P) waves from
Eruption, earthquake
or atom bomb.
Are first to arrive
because P is faster
Secondary S waves
confirm the disaster.
P are longitudinal waves
like sound
S the transverse
waves, shake up solid ground.
P and S body waves
give the alarm
Surface waves
following do the most harm.
Light (and all EM ray) Properties
Each EM photon or ray
Behaves in a similar way.
Electromagnetic rays deflect
Focus, refract and reflect.
To a focus rays converge
From a focus they diverge.
Light refraction
By Wjh31
When rays of light pass
From air into glass
Refracted rays skew
Closer to normal new.
The constant ratio
Sound Waves
By Chetvorno
Sound pressure waves are produced by vibrations of the loudspeaker diaphragm.
Without the air around, your ear
Squeezes all the air that's near.
Sound is fastest near the ground
Behaves in a similar way.
Electromagnetic rays deflect
Focus, refract and reflect.
From a focus they diverge.
Light refraction
By Wjh31
When rays of light pass
From air into glass
Refracted rays skew
Closer to normal new.
Sound Waves
By Chetvorno
Sound pressure waves are produced by vibrations of the loudspeaker diaphragm.
Sound pressure waves are produced by vibrations of the loudspeaker diaphragm.
Without the air around, your ear
Would not know that sound was here.
Because every sound we hear
Squeezes all the air that's near.
Squeezes all the air that's near.
Sound is fastest near the ground
Less air up high, so slower sound.
Also the speed in air is slower
When the temperature is lower.
By Alan Beech
Anodes and
Cathodes
This applies to electrolytes in batteries and
electrolysis
Anodes attract anions
But
Cathodes capture cations.
By Alan Beech
Battery Polarity
The terminal of your battery
With a plus, the anode will be.
To start the car so you can go
Electrons from the anode flow.
Current (by custom) we say,
Travels the opposite way.
By Alan Beech
Anodic Oxidation
By MichelJullian
This often confuses students.
Oxidation involves loss of
electrons and reduction involves gain of electrons. (Anion & cation are pronounced:
ann-I-on & cat-I-on).
When an anion meets an anode
Oxidation, aye
Its minus charges will unload
The current, it will fly.
By Alan Beech
(Sung to the tune of "Comin' Through the
Rye")
Electric Energy
A second times a watt of power
Makes an energy joule,
But we use kilowatts an hour
It's a more
practical tool.
By Alan Beech
Thunderstorm Electric Charge
By Metfis2
Scientists are still studying the electricity of lightning.
Thunder clouds that worry us
Are storm cumulonimbus.
Protons to the cloud tops go
While electrons stay below.
These electrons as a band
Excite protons on the land
Proton plusses trail each cloud
Following the minus crowd.
Discharged as a lightning flash
With its mighty thunder crash
Cloud to cloud or cloud to ground
Making lots of light and sound.
Ohm’s Law Ditty
Juan bolts from damp at home
Scots from damp climes bolt
Observer effect
To see a proton
Ammeter in a circuit see
Mercury expands
Thunderstorm Electric Charge
By Metfis2
Scientists are still studying the electricity of lightning.
This is a simplified version.
Thunder clouds that worry us
Are storm cumulonimbus.
Protons to the cloud tops go
While electrons stay below.
Are storm cumulonimbus.
Protons to the cloud tops go
While electrons stay below.
These electrons as a band
Excite protons on the land
Proton plusses trail each cloud
Following the minus crowd.
Excite protons on the land
Proton plusses trail each cloud
Following the minus crowd.
Discharged as a lightning flash
With its mighty thunder crash
Cloud to cloud or cloud to ground
Making lots of light and sound.
With its mighty thunder crash
Cloud to cloud or cloud to ground
Making lots of light and sound.
By Alan Beech
Ohm’s Law Ditty
Juan bolts from damp at home
One volt is amp times ohm.
Scots from damp climes bolt
Watts from amp times volt.
By Alan Beech
Observer effect
To see a proton
With a photon
We get a vector sum
Of each’s momentum.
Ammeter in a circuit see
Reporting its electricity
But to report the sum
It uses some.
Mercury expands
Absorbs heat
So thermometers
Slightly cheat.
By Alan Beech
These equations apply to uniform motion
in a straight line when the
abbreviations represent A = acceleration, D = distance traveled or
D=(U+V)T/2
When A you can no longer view
D=UT+AT2/2
When final velocity V is spared
V2=U2+2AD
When time T is missing V squared
V=U+AT
When D is missing V
By Alan Beech
Osmosis
By Hans Hillewaert
Membranes semi-permeable
To solvents are permeable,
With hardly a pause
They squeeze through its pores
To equalize solutions
Of different concentrations.
Where solutes are too fat
To do that.
By Alan Beech
Public Domain
The nucleus in the center of each atom holds
positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. These relatively heavy
particles together define its atomic mass. The number of protons in the nucleus
defines its atomic number. The number of negatively charged electrons in orbits
round the nucleus, generally equals the number of nuclear protons.
If we opened an atom to see inside
Three kinds of particles in it reside
Two kinds are bigger, the nuclear lot
Protons are positive, neutrons are not
Tiny electrons, those minus-charged e's
Fly round in orbits like buzzing of bees.
By
Alan Beech
By Stannered
Internally
*Eye tissue and broken skin are
vulnerable.
Radioactive Products
Radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei. Each time a
nucleus decomposes,
Alpha two charges positive,
By Inductiveload
Of two protons and two neutrons made.
Though they may not penetrate much
They kill off every cell they touch.
By Inductiveload
Beta with a velocity great
More than alpha can penetrate.
Electrons with a negative charge
Harm and ionize where they barge.
.png)
By Inductiveload
Penetrates the longest way
Less damaging but they may be
Of widespread use in industry.
By Alan Beech
Surface Tension
In a liquid every molecule
By Alan Beech
ATTRIBUTION OF IMAGES
Anodic Oxidation.
Archimedes
Screw
Archimedes Screw
Animated
Boyle’s Law
By NASA's
Glenn Research Center [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Electromagnetic-Spectrum.
Energy, Potential and Kinetic
Hooke’s Law.
Hydrometer
Light, Properties of.
Light, and EM waves Properties of
EM Waves
animation
By Lookang
many thanks to Fu-Kwun Hwang and author of Easy Java Simulation = Francisco
Esquembre (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Newton and Atwood Machine.
Osmosis.
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons.
. Radioactive Penetration.
Radioactive Products (Alpha).
Radioactive Products (Beta).
Simple Machines
S I Units.
Sound Waves, animation
By Chetvorno
(Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
Specific
Gravity
Surface Tension
Water Strider By S chnobby
(Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via
Wikimedia Commons
Newton’s
Kinematic Equations
These equations apply to uniform motion
in a straight line when the
abbreviations represent A = acceleration, D = distance traveled or
abbreviations represent A = acceleration, D = distance traveled or
displacement, T =time, U = initial
velocity, V = final velocity
D=(U+V)T/2
When A you can no longer view
When A you can no longer view
D is (U plus V) times T over 2.
D=UT+AT2/2
When final velocity V is spared
When final velocity V is spared
D is UT plus half AT squared.
V2=U2+2AD
When time T is missing V squared
When time T is missing V squared
Is two AD plus U squared.
V=U+AT
When D is missing V
When D is missing V
Is U plus AT.
By Alan Beech
Osmosis
By Hans Hillewaert
Membranes semi-permeable
To solvents are permeable,
With hardly a pause
They squeeze through its pores
To equalize solutions
Of different concentrations.
Where solutes are too fat
To do that.
By Alan Beech
Public Domain
The nucleus in the center of each atom holds
positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. These relatively heavy
particles together define its atomic mass. The number of protons in the nucleus
defines its atomic number. The number of negatively charged electrons in orbits
round the nucleus, generally equals the number of nuclear protons.
If we opened an atom to see inside
Three kinds of particles in it reside
Two kinds are bigger, the nuclear lot
Protons are positive, neutrons are not
Tiny electrons, those minus-charged e's
Fly round in orbits like buzzing of bees.
Three kinds of particles in it reside
Two kinds are bigger, the nuclear lot
Protons are positive, neutrons are not
Tiny electrons, those minus-charged e's
Fly round in orbits like buzzing of bees.
By
Alan Beech
By Stannered
Externally
Alpha won’t penetrate skin*
Beta goes centimeters in.
Aluminum sheet can beta defeat.
Gamma penetrates thick concrete.
Internally
Alpha ionizes, kills long term
Beta burns skin, mutates sperm.*
Gamma rays pass harmlessly
Kills when focused for surgery.
By Alan
Beech
*Eye tissue and broken skin are
vulnerable.
Radioactive Products
Radioactive atoms have unstable nuclei. Each time a
nucleus decomposes,
alpha, beta or gamma radiation may evolve and a
different element is formed.
In ordinary chemical reactions nuclei are not
involved, only the electrons.
Alpha two charges positive,
Beta's electron is negative,
Gamma ray no charges give
By Alan Beech
By Inductiveload
Particles alpha, from atoms decayed
Of two protons and two neutrons made.
Though they may not penetrate much
They kill off every cell they touch.
Of two protons and two neutrons made.
Though they may not penetrate much
They kill off every cell they touch.
By Alan Beech
By Inductiveload
Beta with a velocity great
More than alpha can penetrate.
Electrons with a negative charge
Harm and ionize where they barge.
More than alpha can penetrate.
Electrons with a negative charge
Harm and ionize where they barge.
By
Alan Beech
By Inductiveload
Gamma, electromagnetic ray
Penetrates the longest way
Less damaging but they may be
Of widespread use in industry.
By Alan Beech
Penetrates the longest way
Less damaging but they may be
Of widespread use in industry.
By Alan Beech
Surface Tension
By Schnobby
Water strider didn’t
oughta
Be able to stride
across water.
Over ponds these tiny
bugs flit
Surface tension
enables it.
In a liquid every molecule
From all of its neighbors gets a pull.
At the surface neighbors below
Pull the surface tension we know.
By Alan Beech
ATTRIBUTION OF IMAGES
Anodic Oxidation.
By Original work: File:Zinc anode 2.png by User:
MichelJullian (talk) Derivative work: KES47 (File:Zinc anode 2.png) [GFDL
(http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0
Archimedes
Screw
By Ianmacm at
en.wikipedia [Public domain or Public domain], from Wikimedia Commons
Archimedes Screw
Animated
"Archimedes-screw
one-screw-threads with-ball 3D-view animated small" by Silberwolf (size
changed by: Jahobr) -
File:Archimedes-screw_one-screw-threads_with-ball_3D-view_animated.gifcreated
by Silberwolf. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons
Boyle’s Law
By NASA's
Glenn Research Center [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Electromagnetic-Spectrum.
"Electromagnetic-Spectrum" by transferred by
Penubag (talk · contribs) on 05:04, 15 May 2008 - taken from
en.wikipediaen:Image:Electromagnetic-Spectrum.svg and
en:Image:Electromagnetic-Spectrum.png (deleted). Licensed under Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons.
Energy, Potential and Kinetic
by Alan Beech
Hooke’s Law.
By Jorge Stolfi (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
23. Inverse Square Law. Borb [GFDL
(http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Hydrometer
"Hydrometer6455".
Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrometer6455.png#/media/File:Hydrometer6455.pngLight, Properties of.
"Focal-length" by en:User:DrBob - binary
identical with en:Image:Focal-length.png created by en:User:DrBob. Licensed
under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Light, and EM waves Properties of
(Refraction) By Wjh31 (Own work) [Public domain], via
Wikimedia Commons
EM Waves
animation
By Lookang
many thanks to Fu-Kwun Hwang and author of Easy Java Simulation = Francisco
Esquembre (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Newton and Atwood Machine.
By User:ElTom (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia
Commons
Osmosis.
© Hans Hillewaert / CC-BY-SA-3.0,
via Wikimedia Commons
Protons, Neutrons & Electrons.
Stylized Lithium Atom.png. Licensed under Creative
Commons attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported licence
. Radioactive Penetration.
"Alfa beta gamma radiation" by User:
Stannered - Traced from this PNG image.. Licensed under Creative Commons
Attribution 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons
Radioactive Products (Alpha).
"Alpha Decay" by Inductiveload -
self-madeThis vector image was created with Inkscape.. Licensed under Public
domain via Wikimedia Commons -
Radioactive Products (Beta)
Radioactive Products (Beta).
"Beta decay" by Exc - Exc. Licensed under
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0-gr via Wikimedia Commons -
Radioactive Products (Gamma).
By Inductiveload [Public domain], via Wikipedia Commons
Simple Machines
By Rfc1394 (Own work) [LGPL
(http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html), GFDL
(http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0
S I Units.
By Dono [CC-BY-SA-3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL
(http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons
Sound Waves, animation
By Chetvorno
(Own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
Specific
Gravity
"Hydrometer6455".
Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons -
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrometer6455.png#/media/File:Hydrometer6455.png
Water Strider By S chnobby (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Temperature Scales.
By Community College Consortium
for Bioscience Credentials (Own work) [CC-BY-3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
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