INDEX
(Not linked)
SCROLL DOWN FOR RHYMING STUDY AIDS
BIOCHEMISTRY, CELL BIOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY, MED ETHICS
Amino Acids and Proteins
Amphipathic Phospholipids
Bacteria
Bile and Fat Metabolism
Bio-membranes
Bio-polymers
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Bile and Fat Metabolism
Bio-membranes
Bio-polymers
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Cell Respiration
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
Early Medical History
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
Eukaryotic Organelles
Glycolysis
Glycolysis
I Am Because
Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle
Krebs (Citric Acid) Cycle
Metabolism
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial Endosymbiosis
Mitochondrial Membranes
PDQ
Pharmacokinetics (ADME)
Phospholipid Bilayers
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes
Pharmacology
Drugs in Hypertension
Tobacco
Belladonna
Cannabis
Drugs in Hypertension
Tobacco
Belladonna
Cannabis
Attributions at the end of this page.
Public domain
Amino acids have the generic structure
acid-middlestuff-base, so they
easily combine, like holding hands (eliminating a water molecule).
easily combine, like holding hands (eliminating a water molecule).
For amino acids it's hard to decide
Whether cations or anions to chase,
It's amino side needs an acid beside
And its acid side hunts for a base.
Whether cations or anions to chase,
It's amino side needs an acid beside
And its acid side hunts for a base.
So amino acids, one, two or three
Joined into small peptides we see.
When hundreds of aa's joined are seen
The compounds they make are called protein.
Joined into small peptides we see.
When hundreds of aa's joined are seen
The compounds they make are called protein.
By
Alan Beech
By Veggiesaur
Phospholipids are water-insoluble amphipathic compounds.
Phospholipids, amphipathic,
Hydrophobic, hydrophilic..
They're a water insoluble lot
So detergents they are not.
With a waterlogged hat
And two
legs loving fat.
By Alan Beech
By Alan Beech
Bacteria
By Mariana
Ruiz
Near four billion years ago
First fossils of life we know,
Prokaryote bacteria are
The biggest biomass on Earth, by far.
In every living human dwells
More bacteria than body cells.
Found in far flung outer space
Hottest, coldest, every place.
Rod shape bacillus, plural bacilli,
Ball shape is coccus, plural are cocci,
Balls in strips are streptococci,
Balls in clusters staphylococci.
These are the shapes most often found
But many other shapes abound.
Even adapted in our cells
As mitochondrial organelles.
By Alan Beech
Bile and fat metabolism
The liver makes bile, that's also called gall
Helps fats across the intestinal wall.
Its cholic salts as detergents excel
Break up the fat into tiny micelles.
Wee bits of fat enzyme (lipase) attack
Micelles make molecules easier to crack
To two fatty acids and monoglycerides.
More hydrophilic than the triglycerides.
These cracked up fatty molecules
Can cross the enterocyte walls.
In these cells lots of things go on
Fat leaves as a chylomicron.
Chylomicrons of fat and phospholipid seen
Plus cholesterol esters and lipoprotein.
Tiny fatty spheres in milky chyle
From lymph to bloodstream in a short while.
From liver to ileum bile flows
Then returned to the liver it goes.
Excepting very small amount lost to feces
Enterohepatic cycling never ceases.
By
Alan Beech
Bio-membranes
Bio-membranes select
Big ions they reject.
Selectively
permeable.
Lipophile crossable.
By Alan Beech
Biopolymers
Glycogen, starches
and protein,
Break down in intestines to glean
Monomer food molecules they stockpile
Like an unzipped compressed
computer file.
Proteins give amino
acids, then
The acids make our
proteins again.
The liver stores glucose
as glycogen
Until it needs the energy again.
Plants
photosynthesize glucose
As starch in the potato goes.
It makes cell walls of cellulose
With its energy each plant grows,
With its energy each plant grows,
By Alan Beech
By Mariana Ruiz
When a phospholipid layer doubles
Nature forms it into bubbles.
This shape stable will remain
Basis of each cell membrane.
The basic cell membrane bilayer
Is a mixed phospholipid plus layer.
To ionic compounds it's a barrier
Lipid substances cross it much freer.
Proteins on outer and inner faces,
Intrinsic proteins cross both places,
Some are enzymes, others a gate,
Cellular functions they regulate.
Dissolved oxygen and CO2
Diffuse the whole bilayer through.
Aquaporin proteins guide
Diffusion of water from outside.
In cells more K than Na ions seen,
Active transport by special protein.
The trans-membrane gradient ionic
K up Na down but inside isotonic.
By Alan Beech
By RegisFrey
Glycolysis in a cell
Without oxygen goes well.
One molecule of glucose provides
Two of pyruvate when it divides.
Mitochondria lie in wait
Pyruvate to liquidate.
Enzymes and oxygen participate
And fresh ATP they regenerate.
By Alan Beech
Cytoskeleton
Public domain
Fluorescent endothelial cells. Tubulin stained green, actin stained red.
The shapes of cells depend on
Their fragile cytoskeleton.
Microtubules contain tubulin
Microfilaments have actin in.
Filaments intermediate
With eukaryotes equate.
By Alan Beech
Early Medical History
Early records of medical history
In Egypt and Greece are a mystery,
Though medicine advanced in both
And we use Hippocrates Oath.
Father of surgery and drugs medicinal
Galen of Greece recalled in galenical,
For thirteen hundred years revered
Till anatomist, Versalius, appeared.
Paracelcus, also sixteenth century
Ruffled peers by his lectures free.
Physician, astrologer, chemist he
Was father of chemical pharmacy.
By Alan Beech
By BruceBlaus
Ribosomes attached to the outer (cytosol) surface of the
rough
endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins from amino acids in blood
plasma. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of lipid synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum is quite thin
Like a net or sausage skin.
Rough E.R. with ribosome cakes
Each a factory that protein makes.
Smooth E.R. other stuff formats
Phospholipid, steroid and cellular fats.
Like a net or sausage skin.
Rough E.R. with ribosome cakes
Each a factory that protein makes.
Smooth E.R. other stuff formats
Phospholipid, steroid and cellular fats.
By Alan Beech
Eukaryotic Organelles
.png)
By Mariana Ruiz Villarreal
The cytoplasm in a cell
Holds lots of organelles as well,
Golgi apparatus, exporting proteins.
Mitochondria, the energy machines.
The many large pores
On their surface ensures
Nuclear membranes thin
Can allow proteins in.
At interphase when cell is
Not dividing by mitosis,
Basic histone chromatin
Packs acid DNA in.
Small but vital organelles,
The lysosomes and vesicles.
L scavenges, can cell destroy
V transports, can store or buoy.
By Alan Beech
By Tekks
In this rhyme dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is sounded
like ‘deehap’.
Glucose is phosphorylated,
Glucose 6-P is created.
Glucose 6-P rearranges,
To fructose 6-P it changes.
This compound phosphorylates,
Fructose 1,6-P creates.
Fructose 1,6-P next divides,
Fructose 1,6-P creates.
Fructose 1,6-P next divides,
To DHAP and 3P glyc'aldehyde.
DHAP to its twin rearrange,
3P glyceraldehyde change.
3P glyceraldehyde phosphorylated,
Product 1,3-P glycerate is created.
1,3-P glycerate dephosphosphorylated,
ATP and 3P glycerate are generated.
Change 3P into 2P glycerate,
Then phosphoenol pyruvate.
By dephosphorylation its gone
Pyruvate to a mitochondrion.
By Alan
Beech
I Am Because
I am because I respire
Every few seconds of time
My diaphragm descends
Sucking in air containing
Life-giving oxygen gas.
In my lungs it’s distributed
To millions of tiny balloons,
Each a tiny gas exchanger
Closely bound to a rivulet, that
Red blood cells squeeze through.
As they are squeezed the RBCs
Give up some CO2.
And when the squeeze relaxes
They pick up more oxygen
To carry back to my heart.
I am because my heart pumps
Faster than seconds of time,
Squirting out blood with oxygen
And sucking it back when used.
The perfect recycle organ.
Blood that my heart sucks back
Is pushed on into my lungs,
And comes back good as new
With oxygen bright and red
To the other side of my heart.
The mightiest heart muscle
On my heart’s left ventricle
Squirts out blood at pressure
To help it travel around
Each nook and cranny of me.
I am because I eat and drink
And excrete stuff I don’t need.
I chew my food to break it up
Saliva moistens and softens it too,
Starting to digest the chyme.
My stomach is a reservoir
Where acid joins the digest,
Allowing just a gentle flow
To intestines, that extract
The stuff that my body needs.
Fluids and the good stuff
All cross my intestinal walls
To my liver, the portal guard that
Decides my blood’s constituents,
While my kidneys regulate fluids.
I am because I think and breed,
Brain and nerves control each need,
How I love and work each day,
How my five senses interplay.
The ways that I have evolved.
I am so I can communicate.
I’m able to speak and write,
So I inherit recorded wisdom
From millions of my ancestors
Much that can still be of use.
I am the sum of parts and world
Senses sense world but not parts.
Hear this humble hymn of praise
To my inner parts, heart lungs et al.
Thank you for giving me life.
By Alan Beech
By YassineMrabet
The following rhyme omits cis-aconitate
The pyruvate ion is
End product of glycolysis.
This ion is transported on
Into a mitochondrion.
Quickly does it clash
With acetyl CoASH.
The outcome of this fray
Is acetyl CoA.
For ATP the acetyl CoA
Gives its acetyl away
To oxaloacetate,
Which turns into citrate.
Citrate then rearranges,
To isocitrate changes.
NAD plus oxidized fate,
To alpha keto glutarate.
NAD plus plus SHCoA
Changes to succinyl CoA,
That hydrolyses to succinate
And a spin-off GTP create.
From succinate oxidation
A double bond creation
Twixt middle C’s; creates
Fruity tasting fumarates.
Hydrolysis of fumarate
Also taste like fruit malate.
It’s oxidation re-creates
Cycle oxaloacetates.
Two ATP’s from this cycle gain,
32 from electron chain.
Two more from glycolysis come,
36 the total sum.
By Alan
Beech
Metabolism
All the reactions inside a living cell
The cell's integration with others as well
Combine to define the mechanism
That scientists call metabolism.
By
Alan Beech
Mitochondria
In eukaryotic cells,
Mitochondria organelles
From pyruvate make ATP
A source of cellular energy.
A source of cellular energy.
Glucose in a cell substrate
Decomposes to pyruvate.
The product of this action
Enters the mitochondrion.
Membranes of a mitochondrion
Are a vital part of what goes on,
The outer one, porous and thin
Lets lots of molecules in.
The inner one, bigger with folds,
Enzymes and DNA holds,
Sites of pyruvate oxidation
By oxidative phosphorylation.
By Alan
Beech
By Kelvinsong
Mitochondria in cells you see
Have ancestors once floating free
Converting a sugar to energy.
Primordial forms in ancient sea.
Energy was in short supply,
Without it organisms die.
Mitochondria thrived and grew,
They had devised a method new.
Other cells didn’t know what to do,
Other cells envied this breakthrough,
They offered them a place to dwell,
"We'll keep you safe inside our cell”.
“Live here as an organelle
If you energize our cell as well".
They engulfed them by a process
Called endosymbiosis.
By Alan Beech
Death With Dignity is a national organization in USA that
promotes the right of a person in extremis to choose
to end his or her own life.
promotes the right of a person in extremis to choose
to end his or her own life.
United States Declaration of Independence states
”Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness” creates
A right to life for you and me.
It also tells us we are free
When legal decisions occur
To choose the path we prefer.
The same document (not a sequel)
States “All men are created equal”.
When we get old and short of breath
We think about the “right to death”.
We use drugs to treat the sick
To help them to get better quick.
Death is the dying end of sick
Drugs could help it to be quick.
Killers get a “humane” demise,
Cattle are stunned between the eyes,
The lives of pets when old and sick
We can end painlessly and quick.
None avoid death, even a smidgeon
Moslem, Hindu or Christian religion
So when we become irreversibly sick
Give us the choice of a painless death quick.
PDQ
Painless death quick
Death fast and serene
By overdosed morphine?
By Alan Beech
Absorption its route to the bloodstream,
Distribution through tissues extends,
Metabolism how it is altered,
Excretion is how action ends.
By Alan Beech
By Bensaccount
Weak hydrogen bonds
attach the lipid chains of phospholipid
molecules to
each other and interdigitate (more than the diagram
above) with the lipid chains of the other layer in a bilayer.
above) with the lipid chains of the other layer in a bilayer.
By legs and feet
Phospholipids meet.
Then other phospholipids
Come to share this treat.
Hand to hand and feet to feet
They fashion a bilayer sheet.
By Alan
Beech
.png)
By Mariana Ruiz Villarreal
Of the two domains of cells, prokaryotes are more primitive.
They
lack a nuclear membrane and cell organelles like mitochondria
and chloroplasts that may be in eukaryotic cells.
lack a nuclear membrane and cell organelles like mitochondria
and chloroplasts that may be in eukaryotic cells.
Each independent cell strain
Of prokaryote domain
Has no nuclear membrane,
Nor mitochondria remain.
Each prokaryotic
cell
Has a cell membrane as
well
Some also have a cell
wall
Others add a tough capsule.
By Alan Beech
Pharmacology, Drugs in Hypertension
Some medical journals advertise
Drugs under patent to the skies.
Out-of-patent drug sales drop
When the advertisers stop.
Patients with blood pressure high,
There are lots of drugs to try.
First choice (if you can’t decide)
Is diuretic thiazide.
Obese seniors in one treatiz
Were at risk of diabetes,
That they could have overcome
By foods with potassium.
Inhibitors of ACE,
Many also patent-free,
Experts suggest (check this to see)
Most are better than ARB.
By Alan Beech
Tobacco
The
carcinogenic tars
From
cigarettes and cigars
Can
cause a horrible death
From
lungs that cannot draw breath.
By Alan Beech
Belladonna
Oh,
lovely lady, atropine
Cholinergic
blocking queen
Makes
your pupils big and round
Leaving
all the guys spellbound
Though
you are too blind to see
Bloated
but can’t crap or pee
Tachycardia
wild heart race
With
hot skin and red flushed face.
By Alan Beech
Cannabis
Hey-diddle
de de
Three
cheers for THC.
Like
many drugs, it’s a thing to bless
Except
if it is used in excess.
One
joint with a friend is fun
Two
max if shared with everyone.
By Alan Beech
ATTRIBUTION OF IMAGES
Amino Acids and Proteins.
"Protein primary structure" by National Human
Genome Research Institute
http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Hyperion//DIR/VIP/Glossary/Illustration/amino_acid.shtml.
Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons -
Amphipathic Phospholipids.
"Phospholipid Chemicalmakeup" by Veggiesaur - Own
work. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia
Commons -
Bacteria
By Mariana Ruiz LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia
Commons
Cell (Plasma) Membrane.
Cell (Plasma) Membrane.
"Cell membrane detailed diagram en" by LadyofHats
Mariana Ruiz - Own work. Image renamed from File:Cell membrane detailed
diagram.svg. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons –
Cell Respiration.
By RegisFrey (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)
or GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons
Cytoskeleton
Public domain via wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFluorescentCells
Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Public domain via wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AFluorescentCells
Endoplasmic Reticulum.
"Blausen 0350 EndoplasmicReticulum" by BruceBlaus
- Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 via Wikimedia
Commons -
Eukaryotic Organelles
By Mariana Ruiz Villarreal LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Glycolysis.
By Mariana Ruiz Villarreal LadyofHats [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Glycolysis.
"Glycolysis" by Tekks (talk). Original
uploader was Tekks at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred
to Commons by User:Sreejithk2000 using CommonsHelper.(Original text : I
(Tekks (talk)) created this work entirely by myself.). Licensed under Creative
Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Krebs’ (Citric Acid) Cycle.
"Citric acid cycle with aconitate 2" by
Narayanese, WikiUserPedia, YassineMrabet, TotoBaggins -
http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=TCA. Image adapted
from :Image:Citric acid cycle noi.svg|(uploaded to Commons by wadester16).
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia
Commons
Mitochondria.
"Mitochondrion mini" by Kelvinsong - Own work.
Licensed under Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedication via Wikimedia
Commons -
Mitochondria Endosymbiosis
. By Kelvinsong (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Phospholipid Bilayers
"Lipid bilayer section" by Bensaccount -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lipid_bilayer_section.gif. Licensed under
Public domain via Wikimedia Commons –
Prokaryotes.
"Average prokaryote cell- en" by Mariana
Ruiz Villarreal, LadyofHats - Own work (Source: Typical prokaryotic cell,
Chapter 4: Mutagenicity of alkyl N-acetoxybenzohydroxamates, Concept 1: Common
Features of All Cells, Cells - Structure and Function). Licensed under Public
domain via Wikimedia Commons
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